Articles

The aim of this article is to examine the impacts of Coronavirus Disease -19 (Covid-19) vaccines on economic condition and sustainable development goals. In other words, we are going to study the economic condition during Covid19. We have studied the economic costs of pandemic, benefits in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), public finances and employment, investment on vaccines around the world, progress and totally the economic impacts of vaccines and the impacts of emerging markets (EM) on achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), including no poverty, good health and well-being, zero hunger, reduced inequality etc. The importance of emerging economies in reducing the harmful effects of the Corona has also been noted. We have tried to do experimental results and forecast daily new death cases from Feb-2020 to Aug-2021 in Iran using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) algorithm as a case study with econometric models and regression analysis. The findings show that Covid19 has had devastating economic and health effects on the world, and the vaccine can be very helpful in eliminating these effects specially in long-term. We observed that there is inequality in the distribution of Corona vaccines in rich countries compared to poor which EM can decrease the gap between them. The results show that both models (i.e., Artificial intelligence (AI) and econometric models) almost have the same results but AI optimization models can robust the model and prediction. The main contribution of this article is that we have surveyed the impacts of vaccination from socio-economic viewpoint not just report some facts and truth. We have surveyed the impacts of vaccines on sustainable development goals and the role of EM in achieving SDGs. In addition to using the theoretical framework, we have also used quantitative and empirical results that have rarely been seen in other articles.

A spherical shape ultra-wideband antenna is a microstrip patch antenna whose emitted signal bandwidth exceeds the lesser of 500 MHz. One of the major issues hindering the ultra-wideband antennas is poor diversity factors, poor voltage standing wave ratio and poor power efficiency to transmit the required signals. In this research work, the method of approach is the design and analysis of a spherical shape ultra-wideband antenna with the use of computer simulation technology (CST). This antenna is working under the resonant frequency of 6 GHz on a frequency bandwidth of 4-9 GHz. However, this research work has made an intensive review of related works. A spherical shape microstrip antenna with a diameter of 13mm and a radius of 6.5mm was designed, after which a simulation was carried out using the computer simulation technology software. The result from the radiated power shows how high the radiative efficiency is and from the results we were able to observe that the ultra-wideband antenna uses a very low amount of power but can transmit a better outgoing power from the 0.5 watts stimulated power. In this research work, an evaluation process on the envelope correlation coefficient of the antenna s-parameters was carried out, with a good result was obtained. Most importantly the diversity gain of the antenna proves to be good and efficient due to the effectiveness of the antenna radiation efficiency. The results of this antenna produce a very good voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), the voltage standing wave ratio of this spherical ultra-wideband antenna is less than 2% with a very low return loss reflection. In conclusion, the spherical shape antenna is good for ultra-wideband purposes because of its robustness in delivering high-quality signals with a very low return loss. So, it stands the chance of recommendations in the communication industries due to its high radiation efficiency rate and good VSWR.