Articles

<b>Objective:</b> This integrative review aims to critically examine the clinical management of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA), emphasizing decision-making strategies, diagnostic advancements, and therapeutic innovations. The study focuses on the complexity of infection control, microbial resistance, and individualized treatment planning. <b>Methods:</b><b> </b>A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, targeting studies published between 2015 and 2025. Articles were selected based on their contribution to understanding the clinical, microbiological, and surgical aspects of PJI in THA. Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively.<b> </b><b>Results:</b><b> </b>PJI in THA is influenced by multifactorial risk profiles, including obesity, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Staphylococcus aureus, particularly MRSA, remains the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by Gram-negative organisms and fungal species. Diagnostic innovations such as next-generation sequencing have enhanced pathogen detection, while two-stage revision remains the gold standard for chronic infections. Emerging strategies—such as antimicrobial coatings, tailored antibiotic protocols, and multidisciplinary care models—demonstrate promise in improving clinical outcomes. <b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>Managing PJI in THA necessitates a comprehensive and individualized approach, integrating early and accurate diagnosis, pathogen-specific treatment, and advanced preventive measures. The integration of emerging technologies and personalized care pathways is critical to optimizing outcomes and reducing the clinical and economic burden of PJI.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that significantly impairs mobility and quality of life. While surgical interventions such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are effective in severe cases, conservative treatments are critical for early and intermediate disease management. This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and clinical applications of both conservative and surgical treatment approaches, including lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, pharmacological interventions, regenerative medicine, and surgical procedures. The integration of a multidisciplinary approach is emphasized as a key strategy for optimizing clinical outcomes and tailoring interventions to disease severity.

Delirium is a major complication most commonly observed in patients with advanced cancer. However, despite its prevalence, the early diagnosis, management, and prevention of this condition have not seen significant progress. Aim of this research is to provide insights into the prevalence of delirium, the optimization of interventions for managing delirium symptoms, their effectiveness and the impact of underlying factors on the reversibility of delirium in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. The review involved systematic searches of relevant databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, and PsychInfo using refined search terms. Eight publications out of 614 studies originally searched were selected and critically reviewed. Their quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Tool for Case Series. Data abstraction and content analysis were performed to synthesize the findings. Delirium is prevalent among advanced cancer patients in palliative care, with rates ranging from 10.3% to 24.1%. Pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacological interventions showed effectiveness in reducing delirium symptoms. Delirium was found to be reversible through palliative care interventions, antipsychotic medications, and exercise therapy. Effective delirium management is crucial in improving the quality of life of cancer patients. This review emphasizes the importance of subtype-specific treatments, standardized guidelines, and long-term follow-up studies. Implementing evidence-based individualized approaches to delirium management can optimize treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes in patients as well as improve the quality of care. Tailored interventions, standardized protocols, and further research are hereby recommended.

A persistent problem in the pharmaceutical industry that has existed for centuries is the prevalence of counterfeit drugs, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that millions of people are affected by this issue each year. In particular, 4 out of 10 drugs in poor or underdeveloped countries may be adulterated, which can lead to severe adverse events. To address this problem, many countries have implemented regulatory compliance measures such as pharmaceutical drug serialization, which requires the unique identification of every drug package manufactured. This enables tracking and tracing of individual packages throughout the supply chain and helps to prevent counterfeit drugs from entering the market. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the serialization process evaluation and its impact on the pharmaceutical industry. We discuss the benefits of pharmaceutical drug serialization, including its ability to improve drug security and reduce adverse events and investigations. We also examine the challenges associated with implementing serialization processes and the regulatory requirements necessary for compliance. Finally, we explore the various tracking and tracing technologies used in serialization processes and their effectiveness in preventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of pharmaceutical drug serialization in ensuring the safety and efficacy of drugs in the healthcare industry, particularly in poor or underdeveloped countries where the problem of adulterated drugs is especially prevalent.

A Medical devices and pharmaceutical drugs are packaged to maintain their stability and integrity during post-production shipping and storage prior to clinical usage. During delivery and storage, the packaging may come into direct or indirect contact with the drug product or medical device, which may result in chemical interactions between the two. Packaging can be crucial for success, protection, and sale. Like other supermarket items, prescription pharmaceuticals must be packaged in a way that will meet the needs of security and provide speedy packaging, safety, identity, superiority of products, patient safety, and goods superiority. Packaging is a science and an art where many factors are taken into account, starting with the fundamental design and technology used to pack the product without any instability and providing protection, presentation and observance of manufactured goods during transportation, storage, and consumption. In order to keep the drug physiochemical, biological, and chemical stability, packaging professionals create containers that can withstand the pressures that are applied during the supply and shipping processes. Improvements in the analysis of prescription drug development had long been fixated on packaging expertise.