Articles

<b>Background</b>: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are increasingly linked through shared pathophysiological mechanisms, giving rise to the concept of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (T3DM). Brain insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are central to both conditions, contributing to cognitive decline and AD progression. <b>Aim:</b> This review aims to explore this emerging relationship and its implications for prevention and management. <b>Methods</b>: Using an integrative review, 21 studies were systematically analyzed. The review focused on identifying demographic, genetic, and lifestyle factors contributing to T2DM and AD and examined shared molecular pathways such as insulin dysregulation and amyloid-beta accumulation. <b>Results</b>: The findings reveal that T3DM shares key features with T2DM and AD, including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, alongside routine cognitive and metabolic screenings, are critical in mitigating progression. <b>Conclusions</b>: Further research into diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies is essential to manage T3DM and its impact on AD. The role of nursing professionals in early detection, education, and holistic management is emphasized as vital in addressing this dual disease burden. This review offers actionable insights into integrated strategies for addressing these interconnected conditions.

Neurodegeneration and aging are pressing issues with significant personal, economic, ethical, and social consequences. However, the underlying biological mechanisms of these conditions remain largely unknown, making the development of effective treatments challenging. The difficulty in early detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases further compounds the issue. Recent advancements in genetics, genomics, and brain imaging technology hold great promise for improving our understanding of neurodegeneration and aging, as well as the development of personalized medicine and new drugs and therapies. Addressing these challenges will require a multi-disciplinary and collaborative approach from researchers in various fields. This Special Issue offers valuable insights and perspectives on this critical area of research, which can help advance our understanding and improve the health and well-being of our aging population.