Back to Article
Oil shocks and the Economic Growth: A Study for Oil-importing and Exporting Countries in the Time of Covid-19
Universal Journal of Business and Management
| Vol 1, Issue 1
Table 4. Results for Italy and France.
| Italy | France | |||||
| Single root test | Significance | Dickey-Fuller test | Significance | Dickey-Fuller test | ||
| GDP | 1% level | -4.22 | -4.44 | 1% level | -4.22 | -2.76 |
| Variable test | 5% level | -3.53 | 5% level | -3.53 | ||
| 10% level | -3.20 | 10% level | -3.20 | |||
| Inflation | 1% level | 1% level | -2.63 | -9.20 | ||
| Variable test | 5% level | 5% level | -1.95 | |||
| 10% level | 10% level | -1.61 | ||||
| Exchange rate | 1% level | -2.63 | -1.90 | 1% level | -2.63 | -4,966797 |
| Variable test | 5% level | -1.95 | 5% level | -1.95 | ||
| 10% level | -1.61 | 10% level | -1.61 | |||
| Oil price | 1% level | -2.63 | -4.86 | 1% level | -2.63 | -6.09 |
| Variable test | 5% level | -1.95 | 5% level | -1.95 | ||
| 10% level | -1.61 | 10% level | -1.61 | |||
| wages | 1% level | -2.63 | -4.34 | 1% level | -2.63 | -4.34 |
| Variable test | 5% level | -1.95 | 5% level | -1.95 | ||
| 10% level | -1.61 | 10% level | -1.61 | |||
| Covid deaths | 1% level | -8.12 | -7.99 | 1% level | -7.63 | -7.55 |
| Variable test | 5% level | -7.94 | 5% level | -6.98 | ||
| 10% level | -7.60 | 10% level | -6.55 | |||