Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study

Table 2. Predictors of dual use among current smokers(daily use or some days)

Odds ratio	Linearized std. err.	95% conf.	interval	p
Age
18 to 24 years old	Ref.
25 to 34 years old	0.853	0.063	0.736	0.989	0.035
35 to 44 years old	0.787	0.060	0.677	0.914	0.002
45 to 54 years old	0.647	0.050	0.554	0.755	< 0.001
55 to 64 years old	0.578	0.046	0.493	0.678	< 0.001
65 to 74 years old	0.462	0.069	0.344	0.620	< 0.001
75 years old or older	0.091	0.037	0.041	0.203	< 0.001
Male Sex	0.894	0.042	0.814	0.982	0.019
Hispanic Ethnicity	0.849	0.060	0.738	0.976	0.022
Race
White	Ref
Black	0.565	0.052	0.471	0.677	< 0.001
Other	1.041	0.092	0.874	1.239	0.650
Census Region
Northeast	Ref
Midwest	1.308	0.092	1.137	1.504	< 0.001
South	1.420	0.090	1.253	1.609	< 0.001
West	1.606	0.148	1.338	1.929	< 0.001
Education Level
Less than high school	Ref
GED	1.171	0.108	0.976	1.406	0.088
High school graduate	1.062	0.089	0.899	1.255	0.474
Some college (no degree) or associate	1.357	0.114	1.149	1.603	< 0.001
Bachelor's degree or	1.343	0.155	1.068	1.688	0.012
Advanced degree	1.170	0.148	0.911	1.504	0.217
Poverty	0.970	0.059	0.860	1.095	0.622
Health Insurance
Some private insurance	Ref.
Private insurance, some Medicare	0.973	0.085	0.818	1.157	0.755
Private insurance or Medicare	1.010	0.081	0.861	1.184	0.904
Other insurance only	1.184	0.140	0.937	1.497	0.156
No insurance	0.901	0.054	0.800	1.014	0.084