Networking Solutions for Large-Scale IoT Deployments: Architectures, Challenges, and Trends

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data | Vol 3, Issue 1

Table 1. Summary of a Study on Networking Solutionsfor Large-Scale IoT Deployments

Author	Technologies	Approach	Key Findings	Challenges	Future Directions
Perdisci et al. (2020)	IoT device identification	IoT Finder system using distributed passive DNS and ML-based multi-label classifier	NAT/IPv4/IPv6-independent DNS fingerprint-based precise large-scale identification of IoT devices	Scalability with increasing devices, evolving device behaviors	Extend detection to encrypted DNS and larger global datasets
Ouhab et al. (2020)	Energy-efficient and intelligent IoT routing	Two-level control: MHC-RPL for clustering + SDN with Q-routing	Enhanced efficiency in energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and latency compared to cutting-edge	Integration complexity between SDN and RPL in real-world networks	Real-world deployment in large heterogeneous IoT environments
Mekki et al. (2019)	Comparative research on LPWAN technologies	Evaluation of Sigfox, LoRa, and NB-IoT	In terms of cost and battery life, Sigfox/LoRa is superior to NB-IoT, but QoS and latency are superior.	Trade-offs between coverage, capacity, and QoS	Hybrid LPWAN models for application-specific deployments
Rubio-Aparicio et al. (2019)	Mixed IoT LPWAN architecture	LoRa-Sigfox integration using open hardware/software	Successful deployment in smart city water monitoring	Limited interoperability and vendor dependencies	Broader deployment across other smart city applications
Chowdhury et al. (2019)	Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) for the IoT	Use of VLC, LiFi, OCC, FSO for 5G/6G IoT integration	OWC ensures high capacity, low latency, and reliable IoT connectivity	Environmental interference, infrastructure cost	Large-scale trials in real-world 5G/6G IoT systems
Mukherjee & Biswas (2018)	MANET-WSN convergence for IoT	Integration of MANET with WSN using Omnet++ simulations	Enhanced scalability and new communication platform for smart environments	High mobility management and dynamic topology issues	Develop robust mobility-aware protocols for large-scale IoT