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Impact of Welding Standards on Heat Affected Zone: A Critical Review of the Methods, Consumables, and Environmental Degradation on the Performance of API 5L X52 in Sour Service

Online Journal of Engineering Sciences | Vol 5, Issue 1

Table 3. Welding Process Applications in Sour Service Pipeline Construction

ProcessTypical Heat Input (kJ/mm)Common ApplicationsSour Service Suitability
GMAW-P0.8-1.5Root passes, manual weldingExcellent with proper control
FCAW1.0-1.8Fill and cap passesGood with low-H₂ consumables
SMAW 0.9-1.7Maintenance, repairGood with certified electrodes
SAW1.8-3.0Double jointing, fabricationLimited due to high heat input
Laser-Hybrid0.5-1.2Automated girth weldingEmerging technology