World Journal of Dental Sciences and Research

Background: Enamel pearls are developmental anomalies consisting of ectopic enamel, with or without dentine and pulp tissue. They most commonly occur on maxillary second and third molars and are less frequently associated with mandibular third molars. Although they may have periodontal implications, their anatomical location can also influence surgical management. Case report: A 32-year-old female was referred with recurrent episodes... Background: Enamel pearls are developmental anomalies consisting of ectopic enamel, with or without dentine and pulp tissue. They most commonly occur on maxillary second and third molars and are less frequently associated with mandibular third molars. Although they may have periodontal implications, their anatomical location can also influence surgical management. Case report: A 32-year-old female was referred with recurrent episodes of pain and inflammation associated with the mandibular third molars. Both lower third molars were partially erupted and mesioangular, with no active pericoronitis or periodontal pathology at presentation. An orthopantomogram demonstrated an intimate relationship between both mandibular third molars and the inferior dental canals. Subsequent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) demonstrated three convergent roots associated with the mandibular right third molar and an enamel pearl arising from the mesial root and extending lingually around the middle third of the root. The inferior dental canal demonstrated pronounced narrowing and deviation around the tooth, with the enamel pearl extending into the canal and towards the lingual cortical plate. The mandibular left third molar also demonstrated an intimate relationship with the inferior dental canal. Management and outcome: The increased risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury associated with surgical removal was discussed alongside the options of observation, coronectomy and complete extraction. Following informed discussion, the patient elected to monitor the mandibular third molars. The carious maxillary third molars were subsequently removed under local anaesthesia. Conclusion: This case highlights an unusual enamel pearl associated with a mandibular third molar and its potential implications for third molar surgery. CBCT provided important three-dimensional information regarding the relationship between the enamel pearl, tooth roots and inferior dental canal, facilitating risk assessment, treatment planning and informed patient decision-making. Read more

Oral and maxillofacial surgery has moved over the past two decades toward auditable systems of verification, as implant-based rehabilitation, digitally guided planning, and multi-operator procedures have multiplied the interfaces at which small deviations can escalate into irreversible harm. This narrative review examines that transformation through two recent monographs that occupy sequential positions in the field's move toward standardization. The first... Oral and maxillofacial surgery has moved over the past two decades toward auditable systems of verification, as implant-based rehabilitation, digitally guided planning, and multi-operator procedures have multiplied the interfaces at which small deviations can escalate into irreversible harm. This narrative review examines that transformation through two recent monographs that occupy sequential positions in the field's move toward standardization. The first documents the contemporary technique base for regenerative and reconstructive procedures and its associated complication profile; the second converts that technique base into an explicit protocol architecture covering identity verification, planning-data validation, guidance-system tolerance, and documentation. The central claim of the second monograph, that checklist-based verification is the most consistently supported safety intervention available to the specialty, is corroborated here against an independent literature search; its treatment of digital and robotic precision, which frames accuracy as a governable tolerance rather than an inherent property of any device, likewise holds up against the accuracy literature. At the same time, several clinically consequential questions that this framework does not fully resolve, most notably the value of routine antibiotic prophylaxis in implant surgery, remain genuinely unsettled despite decades of trial evidence. Read more

The purpose of present study was to investigate the therapeutic outcome of clinical application of CSC telescopic denture with magnetic attachment in treating the occlusion, mastication and speaking problems due to individual affected severe teeth missing. Similar to above conditions, there are many dental clinicians may choose to use the removable denture with bilateral I-bar application. The other way also... The purpose of present study was to investigate the therapeutic outcome of clinical application of CSC telescopic denture with magnetic attachment in treating the occlusion, mastication and speaking problems due to individual affected severe teeth missing. Similar to above conditions, there are many dental clinicians may choose to use the removable denture with bilateral I-bar application. The other way also can use the bilateral implant application. Little or limited literatures reported the use of removable denture combined with magnetic attachment application. The present case presented one modified approach related to oral rehabilization of mandibular posterior teeth using bilateral magnetic attachments combined with CSC telescopic denture (CSCTD) application. Result showed a remarkable clinical appearance and occlusal function of the improvement between outer crowns with magnet attachment and inner abutment with magnet attachments for a long time evaluation. It can be concluded that the design of the CSCTD combined with magnetic attachment appears to be an effectiveness method and provided the other modified approach in treating bilateral missing problems of posterior premolar and molar teeth. Read more

The purpose of this study was to assess different periodontitis groups affected with mild, moderate and severe alveolar bone levels and treated using the Sandwich’s procedures. A total of 53 subjects, who had taken two sets of full-mouth standarized paralleling radiographs with mean observation time was 10.18±3.89 years and (ranges: 5.1 to 18.3 years) were collected for the past 20... The purpose of this study was to assess different periodontitis groups affected with mild, moderate and severe alveolar bone levels and treated using the Sandwich’s procedures. A total of 53 subjects, who had taken two sets of full-mouth standarized paralleling radiographs with mean observation time was 10.18±3.89 years and (ranges: 5.1 to 18.3 years) were collected for the past 20 years. The radiographic alveolar bone levels (RABL) at mesial and distal aspects of teeth were assessed by measuring the distance between cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the bone crest using an electronic digimatic caliper (EDC) under 7.5 magnified radiographs. The patients, who presented with SAP, were between 24 and 84 years of age, with a mean age of 54.8±10.2years. Although, the treatment of angular defects in molars with guided tissue regeneration, emdogain has been reported and has exhibited significant and predictable results, however, afforded very limited and less predictable results in the treatment of advanced class II and III maxillary furcation defects. The majority of root resection procedures are commonly recommended for treating advanced molar furcation, in particular located at molars with class III furcation involvement, there is still some controversy regarding the long-term prognosis after different treatment modalities. In general, the root resection procedure is a surgical approach for simultaneously performing a periodontal flap operation at first and followed by the amputation and/or resection of maxillary root(s). There are some complications and disadvantages, such as post-operative pain and bleeding, swelling, infection, etc. The present report is to describe the combination of therapeutic provisional prosthesis (TPP), fixed prosthesis, non-surgical procedure using root separation and/or resection (RSR) and for the treatment of advanced Class II and III furcation-Involved molars. In addition, evidenced-based clinical trials of retrospective and longitudinal data were also prescribed here. The purpose of this study was to present treatment procedures of Sandwich’s technique and retrospectively to evaluate the long-term clinical trials of this method in treating molar teeth with SAP and molar FI who were diagnosed as guarded and/or hopeless prognosis. Read more

The aim of the present study was to assess the cumulative radiographic periodontal attachment loss (CRPAL) and annually radiographic periodontal attachment loss (ARPAL) of different disease groups over 5 years or more. A total of 53 subjects, who had taken two sets of full-mouth standarized paralleling radiographs with separated periods of 5 years or more in teaching hospital during 1981-2001,... The aim of the present study was to assess the cumulative radiographic periodontal attachment loss (CRPAL) and annually radiographic periodontal attachment loss (ARPAL) of different disease groups over 5 years or more. A total of 53 subjects, who had taken two sets of full-mouth standarized paralleling radiographs with separated periods of 5 years or more in teaching hospital during 1981-2001, were collected for the past 20 years. The radiographic periodontal attachment levels at mesial and distal surfaces of teeth were assessed by measuring the distance between cement-enamel junction and the bone crest using an electronic digital caliper (EDC) under a 10X magnified radiographs. The results revealed that mean CRPAL was highest in the generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) group (-5.523.27 mm), then the chronic periodontitis (CP) group (-4.823.47 mm), and the localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) group (-4.473.47 mm) followed, and lowest in the periodontal healthy (PH) group (-1.050.59 mm). The mean ARPAL was highest in the LAgP group (-0.260.25 mm/yr.), then the GAgP group (-0.200.13 mm/yr.), and the CP group (-0.120.09 mm/yr.) followed, and lowest in the periodontal healthy group (0.070.06 mm/yr.). Conclusions showed that mean CRPAL was highest in the generalized aggressive periodontitis group, then the CP group, and the LAgP group followed, and lowest in the periodontal healthy group. In addition, there existed a strong statistical significance (p<0.0001) in both CRPAL and ARPAL (mm) among individuals affected GAgP, LAgP, CP, and PH groups among mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis using paired t-test. Read more

Objective: The study investigated the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on periodontal bone regeneration. Methods: Electronic and manual searches were searched up to 1 October 2022 in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. [Platelet rich plasma or platelet or growth factors] and [periodontal] or [bone regeneration or bone defect or bone reconstruction] were... Objective: The study investigated the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on periodontal bone regeneration. Methods: Electronic and manual searches were searched up to 1 October 2022 in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. [Platelet rich plasma or platelet or growth factors] and [periodontal] or [bone regeneration or bone defect or bone reconstruction] were used for searching. This study reviewed and analyzed published papers associated with PRP and periodontal bone defect restoration or bone regeneration or bone reconstruction. Results: Different growth factors exhibited varied biological characteristics and function. In-vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical studies confirmed that PRP displayed assorted role in periodontal bone defects repair. The growth factors secreted from PRP can promote new bone formation, soft tissue regeneration and wound healing. The fiber three-dimensional structure in PRP is conducive to the growth and migration of cells and provides strong support for the regeneration of periodontal soft and hard tissues. The anti-inflammatory characteristics of PRP are also closely related to the repair of periodontal bone defects. Conclusion: PRP played an important biological effect on periodontal bone regeneration. The mechanism is closely related to PRP promoting the growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration of periodontal ligament cells and osteoblasts, and the fiber stereo configuration of PRP and the anti-inflammatory effect of leukocytes. Read more